A recent study found that some neurodegenerative causes of death (namely, AD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) were four times higher in US National Football League players than in the general population.21 No such trend in the prevalence of Parkinson disease was noted. Paradoxically, the overall mortality rate of these retired players was substantially lower than that of the general population. Independent replication of the study should help to clarify this puzzling dissociation of outcomes.In 2009, six retired pro football stars filed a class action against the National Football League in federal court in Minneapolis, claiming that the NFL misappropriated their names and images without their consent. The class action, led by (among others) former Houston Oiler Hall of Famer Elvin Bethea and former Los Angeles Ram All Pro and television star Fred Dryer, asserted that the NFL didn compensate its retired players when it used clips from old games to promote the league. In September